Fuzzy algebraic structures extend classical algebraic systems by allowing elements to exhibit graded membership rather than binary inclusion. Beginning with the concept of a fuzzy set, in which each ...

Algebraic structures form the backbone of many modern mathematical disciplines, providing abstract frameworks that capture the essence of operations and relations. Duality theory, in this context, ...

How can the behavior of elementary particles and the structure of the entire universe be described using the same mathematical concepts? This question is at the heart of recent work by the ...